What is Free Evolution?

Free evolution is the idea that natural processes can lead to the development of organisms over time. This includes the emergence and development of new species.

This has been demonstrated by numerous examples of stickleback fish species that can thrive in salt or fresh water, and walking stick insect types that prefer specific host plants. These typically reversible traits do not explain the fundamental changes in the basic body plan.

Evolution by Natural Selection

The evolution of the myriad living organisms on Earth is a mystery that has fascinated scientists for decades. Charles Darwin's natural selection theory is the most well-known explanation. This is because individuals who are better-adapted survive and reproduce more than those who are less well-adapted. Over time, a community of well-adapted individuals increases and eventually becomes a new species.

Natural selection is an ongoing process that involves the interaction of three elements including inheritance, variation, and 에볼루션 reproduction. Mutation and sexual reproduction increase genetic diversity in a species. Inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic traits, including recessive and dominant genes and their offspring. Reproduction is the generation of viable, fertile offspring, which includes both asexual and sexual methods.

All of these factors have to be in equilibrium to allow natural selection to take place. If, for example, a dominant gene allele causes an organism reproduce and last longer than the recessive gene, then the dominant allele becomes more prevalent in a group. If the allele confers a negative advantage to survival or reduces the fertility of the population, it will be eliminated. This process is self-reinforcing, which means that an organism with an adaptive characteristic will live and reproduce much more than those with a maladaptive feature. The greater an organism's fitness, measured by its ability reproduce and survive, is the greater number of offspring it can produce. People with desirable traits, like having a long neck in giraffes, or bright white patterns on male peacocks, are more likely than others to survive and reproduce and eventually lead to them becoming the majority.

Natural selection only affects populations, not on individual organisms. This is an important distinction from the Lamarckian theory of evolution which claims that animals acquire characteristics through use or neglect. If a giraffe expands its neck in order to catch prey and 에볼루션사이트 its neck gets longer, then its offspring will inherit this trait. The differences in neck length between generations will continue until the giraffe's neck gets too long that it can not breed with other giraffes.

Evolution through Genetic Drift

In the process of genetic drift, 에볼루션 alleles of a gene could be at different frequencies in a group by chance events. In the end, 에볼루션게이밍 only one will be fixed (become common enough to no more be eliminated through natural selection), and the other alleles will decrease in frequency. This can lead to an allele that is dominant in the extreme. The other alleles have been essentially eliminated and heterozygosity has been reduced to a minimum. In a small group, this could lead to the complete elimination of recessive allele. This scenario is known as a bottleneck effect and it is typical of the kind of evolutionary process that takes place when a large number of individuals migrate to form a new population.

A phenotypic bottleneck can also occur when survivors of a catastrophe, such as an epidemic or a mass hunting event, are condensed into a small area. The remaining individuals will be largely homozygous for the dominant allele, meaning that they all share the same phenotype and will consequently have the same fitness traits. This can be caused by war, earthquakes, or even plagues. The genetically distinct population, if it is left vulnerable to genetic drift.

Walsh Lewens, Walsh and Ariew define drift as a departure from the expected value due to differences in fitness. They give the famous example of twins that are genetically identical and have exactly the same phenotype, but one is struck by lightning and dies, but the other lives to reproduce.

This kind of drift can be very important in the evolution of the species. However, it is not the only way to progress. Natural selection is the primary alternative, in which mutations and migration keep the phenotypic diversity in a population.

Stephens argues there is a vast difference between treating the phenomenon of drift as an actual cause or force, and treating other causes such as migration and selection mutation as causes and forces. He claims that a causal-process model of drift allows us to distinguish it from other forces and that this distinction is essential. He also argues that drift is both direction, i.e., it tends towards eliminating heterozygosity. It also has a size which is determined based on the size of the population.

Evolution by Lamarckism

When students in high school take biology classes, they are frequently introduced to the work of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744 - 1829). His theory of evolution is generally referred to as "Lamarckism" and it states that simple organisms develop into more complex organisms via the inherited characteristics that result from an organism's natural activities usage, use and disuse. Lamarckism can be demonstrated by the giraffe's neck being extended to reach higher leaves in the trees. This could cause giraffes to pass on their longer necks to their offspring, which then become taller.

Lamarck the French Zoologist, introduced a revolutionary concept in his opening lecture at the Museum of Natural History of Paris. He challenged the conventional wisdom on organic transformation. According to Lamarck, living creatures evolved from inanimate materials by a series of gradual steps. Lamarck wasn't the only one to make this claim, but he was widely thought of as the first to offer the subject a comprehensive and general overview.

The popular narrative is that Lamarckism was an opponent to Charles Darwin's theory of evolutionary natural selection, and that the two theories battled each other in the 19th century. Darwinism eventually prevailed which led to what biologists call the Modern Synthesis. The Modern Synthesis theory denies the possibility that acquired traits can be inherited, and instead argues that organisms evolve through the selective action of environmental factors, like natural selection.

Although Lamarck believed in the concept of inheritance through acquired characters and his contemporaries also offered a few words about this idea but it was not a central element in any of their evolutionary theorizing. This is partly because it was never scientifically tested.

It's been over 200 years since the birth of Lamarck and in the field of age genomics, there is a growing body of evidence that supports the heritability-acquired characteristics. This is also known as "neo Lamarckism", or more commonly epigenetic inheritance. It is a form of evolution that is just as valid as the more popular Neo-Darwinian theory.

Evolution through the process of adaptation

One of the most popular misconceptions about evolution is that it is driven by a sort of struggle to survive. This notion is not true and ignores other forces driving evolution. The struggle for survival is more accurately described as a struggle to survive within a specific environment, which can include not just other organisms but also the physical environment itself.

Understanding how adaptation works is essential to understand evolution. The term "adaptation" refers to any characteristic that allows a living organism to survive in its environment and 무료 에볼루션사이트 (visit evolutionkorea91117.wikilima.com here >>) reproduce. It could be a physical structure, like fur or feathers. It could also be a trait of behavior such as moving towards shade during the heat, or escaping the cold at night.

The capacity of an organism to draw energy from its environment and interact with other organisms and their physical environment is essential to its survival. The organism should possess the right genes for producing offspring and be able find enough food and resources. The organism must also be able reproduce at a rate that is optimal for 에볼루션 바카라 무료 its specific niche.

These factors, together with mutations and gene flow can result in a shift in the proportion of different alleles in the gene pool of a population. Over time, this change in allele frequencies could lead to the emergence of new traits and ultimately new species.

A lot of the traits we admire in animals and plants are adaptations, for example, lungs or gills to extract oxygen from the air, fur or feathers for insulation long legs to run away from predators, and camouflage to hide. However, a proper understanding of adaptation requires attention to the distinction between the physiological and behavioral characteristics.

Physiological traits like the thick fur and gills are physical characteristics. Behavioral adaptations are not like the tendency of animals to seek companionship or to retreat into the shade during hot weather. In addition, it is important to understand that a lack of thought does not mean that something is an adaptation. Failure to consider the consequences of a decision even if it appears to be logical, can make it unadaptive.