What is Free Evolution?

Free evolution is the idea that the natural processes of living organisms can cause them to develop over time. This includes the appearance and development of new species.

This has been proven by many examples, including stickleback fish varieties that can be found in salt or 무료 에볼루션 fresh water, and walking stick insect varieties that have a preference for specific host plants. These reversible traits do not explain the fundamental changes in basic body plans.

Evolution by Natural Selection

The development of the myriad of living organisms on Earth is an enigma that has fascinated scientists for centuries. Charles Darwin's natural selection is the best-established explanation. This is because people who are more well-adapted are able to reproduce faster and longer than those who are less well-adapted. Over time, a community of well adapted individuals grows and eventually creates a new species.

Natural selection is an ongoing process and involves the interaction of 3 factors that are: reproduction, variation and inheritance. Variation is caused by mutation and sexual reproduction, both of which increase the genetic diversity of a species. Inheritance refers the transmission of genetic traits, including both dominant and recessive genes and their offspring. Reproduction is the generation of viable, fertile offspring, which includes both sexual and asexual methods.

Natural selection only occurs when all these elements are in harmony. For example the case where the dominant allele of one gene can cause an organism to live and reproduce more frequently than the recessive one, the dominant allele will become more prevalent within the population. However, if the allele confers an unfavorable survival advantage or decreases fertility, it will disappear from the population. This process is self-reinforcing, which means that an organism that has an adaptive trait will live and reproduce much more than one with a maladaptive characteristic. The more offspring an organism produces the more fit it is that is determined by its ability to reproduce itself and live. People with good characteristics, such as a long neck in giraffes, 무료 에볼루션 or bright white color patterns on male peacocks are more likely to others to live and reproduce and eventually lead to them becoming the majority.

Natural selection is only an aspect of populations and not on individuals. This is a crucial distinction from the Lamarckian theory of evolution, which states that animals acquire traits either through usage or inaction. If a giraffe extends its neck in order to catch prey and its neck gets longer, then the offspring will inherit this trait. The length difference between generations will continue until the neck of the giraffe becomes too long that it can no longer breed with other giraffes.

Evolution through Genetic Drift

In genetic drift, alleles of a gene could attain different frequencies within a population by chance events. In the end, only one will be fixed (become common enough that it can no longer be eliminated through natural selection), and the rest of the alleles will diminish in frequency. In extreme cases it can lead to one allele dominance. Other alleles have been essentially eliminated and heterozygosity has decreased to zero. In a small number of people it could lead to the total elimination of recessive alleles. This is known as a bottleneck effect and it is typical of evolutionary process that occurs when a large amount of individuals migrate to form a new population.

A phenotypic 'bottleneck' can also occur when the survivors of a disaster like an outbreak or mass hunt event are concentrated in the same area. The remaining individuals will be mostly homozygous for the dominant allele which means that they will all have the same phenotype and thus have the same fitness traits. This situation might be caused by war, an earthquake, or even a plague. Regardless of the cause the genetically distinct group that is left might be susceptible to genetic drift.

Walsh, Lewens, and Ariew use Lewens, Walsh and Ariew employ a "purely outcome-oriented" definition of drift as any deviation from the expected values of variations in fitness. They provide a well-known instance of twins who are genetically identical, share identical phenotypes, but one is struck by lightening and dies while the other lives and reproduces.

This kind of drift can be very important in the evolution of a species. It is not the only method of evolution. The most common alternative is to use a process known as natural selection, in which the phenotypic diversity of a population is maintained by mutation and migration.

Stephens asserts that there is a vast distinction between treating drift as an actual cause or force, 에볼루션 슬롯게임 무료체험 (simply click 2ch Ranking) and considering other causes, such as selection mutation and migration as causes and forces. Stephens claims that a causal process explanation of drift permits us to differentiate it from the other forces, and this distinction is vital. He also claims that drift has a direction: that is, it tends to eliminate heterozygosity. It also has a magnitude, which is determined by the size of the population.

Evolution through Lamarckism

Biology students in high school are often introduced to Jean-Baptiste Lemarck's (1744-1829) work. His theory of evolution is generally known as "Lamarckism" and it states that simple organisms grow into more complex organisms via the inherited characteristics that result from the natural activities of an organism usage, use and disuse. Lamarckism can be illustrated by an giraffe's neck stretching to reach higher leaves in the trees. This could cause giraffes to pass on their longer necks to offspring, who then become taller.

Lamarck Lamarck, a French Zoologist from France, presented an idea that was revolutionary in his 17 May 1802 opening lecture at the Museum of Natural History of Paris. He challenged the previous thinking on organic transformation. According to Lamarck, living creatures evolved from inanimate material through a series of gradual steps. Lamarck was not the first to suggest that this could be the case, but he is widely seen as being the one who gave the subject its first broad and comprehensive analysis.

The dominant story is that Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection and Lamarckism were rivals during the 19th century. Darwinism eventually prevailed and led to the development of what biologists today refer to as the Modern Synthesis. This theory denies that acquired characteristics can be inherited and instead suggests that organisms evolve through the selective action of environmental factors, such as natural selection.

Lamarck and his contemporaries endorsed the idea that acquired characters could be passed on to the next generation. However, this concept was never a central part of any of their theories on evolution. This is due to the fact that it was never tested scientifically.

It's been more than 200 years since the birth of Lamarck, and in the age genomics there is a growing body of evidence that supports the heritability acquired characteristics. This is also referred to as "neo Lamarckism", or more often epigenetic inheritance. It is a variant of evolution that is as valid as the more popular Neo-Darwinian theory.

Evolution through Adaptation

One of the most widespread misconceptions about evolution is that it is driven by a sort of struggle to survive. This notion is not true and ignores other forces driving evolution. The fight for survival can be better described as a fight to survive in a particular environment. This may include not only other organisms as well as the physical environment.

To understand how evolution operates it is beneficial to understand what is adaptation. The term "adaptation" refers to any specific characteristic that allows an organism to live and reproduce within its environment. It can be a physical structure like fur or feathers. Or it can be a characteristic of behavior such as moving towards shade during the heat, or coming out to avoid the cold at night.

The survival of an organism depends on its ability to extract energy from the environment and to interact with other living organisms and their physical surroundings. The organism must have the right genes to create offspring, and it should be able to locate enough food and other resources. The organism must also be able to reproduce at an amount that is appropriate for its specific niche.

These factors, together with gene flow and mutation, lead to a change in the proportion of alleles (different forms of a gene) in the gene pool of a population. This shift in the frequency of alleles can lead to the emergence of new traits and eventually, new species as time passes.

A lot of the traits we admire in animals and plants are adaptations, such as the lungs or gills that extract oxygen from the air, fur or feathers to protect themselves, long legs for running away from predators, and camouflage to hide. To comprehend adaptation it is crucial to discern between physiological and behavioral characteristics.

Physical traits such as the thick fur and gills are physical characteristics. The behavioral adaptations aren't an exception, for instance, the tendency of animals to seek out companionship or move into the shade in hot weather. Additionally it is important to remember that a lack of thought does not mean that something is an adaptation. A failure to consider the effects of a behavior even if it seems to be rational, could make it inflexible.